| Criminal Civil Rights Violations |
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| A criminal violation requires the use of force or a threat of force. The alleged perpetrator can be prosecuted under various federal criminal civil rights statutes, such as those laws that prohibit hate crimes, bias crimes, and human trafficking. Usually, just one or a few people are charged with a violation.More... |
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| Voting by Overseas Citizens |
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| For the most part, a citizen does not lose his or her civil rights upon leaving the borders of the United States. For example, the Uniformed and Overseas Citizen Voting Act was enacted in 1986 for the purpose of allowing states and territories to allow certain groups of United States citizens to register and vote by absentee ballot in federal elections. Most states and territories have similar laws for voting by absentee ballot in state and local elections.
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| Privacy in the Workplace |
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| The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA) does not create many privacy rights in the workplace. ECPA does not protect purely personal communications that occur "online" or electronically. For example, an employer can read all of an employee's email, no matter what the nature of the message. More... |
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| The Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002 |
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| The Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) was passed to ban so-called "soft money" financial donations to political candidates and national political parties; generally, such donations are substantial and are made by wealthy individuals, corporations, labor unions, or special interest groups. BCRA prevents corporations, advocacy groups, and labors unions, as well as any groups funded by either, from broadcasting "issue ads" on television and radio within 30 days of a primary election and within 60 days of a general election.
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| Enactment of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act |
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| The Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (RFRA)provided that a government could "substantially burden" the exercise of a religion only if the government could show that the application of the burden was in furtherance of a "compelling" governmental interest. The United States Supreme Court held that the application of RFRA to the states was unconstitutional because Congress had exceeded its legislative powers in enacting RFFA. Three years later, Congress passed the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000 (RLUIP). In response to the Court's finding that RFRA was too broad sweeping and not based on significant findings of fact, Congress narrowly crafted RLUIPA so that it applied only to land use and prisoner rights cases. More... |
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